What is copyright and for what kind of works it exists

what is copyright
Copyrights protects creative works belonging to music, visual arts, architecture, theater, cinema and any other form of expression. Let’s see here the first 4 articles of the Italian copyright law.
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Similar trademarks: similarity between the products

Similar or identical products
Are there two similar trademarks? It is also necessary to assess similarity between the products. Nice Classification is not always a valid evaluation criterion.
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It is forbidden to exploit images of Cultural Heritage for profit

Cultural Heritage
The law forbids exploiting cultural heritage images for profit. In fact, an authorization is required from the subject that holds the asset, as well as the payment of royalties on the sale.
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Trademark consisting of 1 or 2 letters: trademark HP

Trademark consisting of one or two letters: trademark HP
Trademark consisting of 1 or 2 letters is absolutely valid and it is wrong to assume that this type of trademark is devoid of any distinctive character. EU Court reiterated this concept with reference to trademark HP. Find out why.
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Parasitic unfair competition: what is the limit of similarity between activities in the same sector?

parasitic unfair competition
It is normal that there exists a certain degree of similarity between activities that, although belonging to different owners, are in the same field (for example, two supermarket or two perfumeries chains). The question is: to what extent your business can lawfully resemble to another one which is already in the market without incurring the prohibition of parasitic unfair competition.
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Trademark assignment agreement and counterfeiting

trademark assignment agreement and counterfeiting
With regard to the trademark assignment agreement and counterfeiting, we propose highly controversial case concerning the trademark Love Therapy by Elio Fiorucci. Let’s find out why.
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Distinctive character of a three-dimensional trademark

three-dimensional trademark
It is not sufficient to make a slight variation to an object in order to acquire distinctive character. Let’s see how the European Court of Justice ruled in this regard.
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False indication of origin: a case of seizure of goods

False indication of origin
False indication of origin of a product can cause the seizure of such good because it is considered misleading for the consumers. Let’s see Italian Corte di Cassazione in this regard.
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Judgment of affinity between products

Judgment of affinity between products
In this article we explain how the judgment of affinity between products was decisive in a case concerning two well-known trademarks.
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Family of trademarks: what they are

family of trademarks
More trademarks can be considered a family (or series) of trademarks when, for example, “they reproduce in full the same distinctive element with the addition of an element, graphic or word, which differentiate them from each other, or when characterized by the repetition of a single prefix or suffix taken from an original mark”.
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